by Ria Olivier | Jun 1, 2025 | Antarctica, Commemorative Days, Current Event, Ecology, Environment, Gough Island, Marion Island
June is Environment Month under the theme “Think, Eat, Save and reduce your foodprint”
June marks National Environment Month in South Africa — a time for reflection, awareness, and action toward safeguarding our natural world. Spearheaded by the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), this month-long observance highlights the importance of environmental stewardship and calls on all citizens to contribute to a more sustainable future. Central to these celebrations are two globally recognised days: World Environment Day on June 5th and World Oceans Day on June 8th, both of which resonate strongly with the mission and work of the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP).
As South Africa’s gateway to the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, SANAP plays a vital role in environmental research and conservation in some of the planet’s most fragile and remote ecosystems — including Antarctica, Marion Island, and Gough Island. During Environment Month, SANAP takes pride in celebrating the unique natural heritage of these sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions, where pristine ecosystems offer critical insight into global environmental changes.
Marion Island, in particular, stands out as a hub of scientific activity. Home to one of SANAP’s permanent research stations, the island has been central to decades of biological and environmental studies. Its long-term monitoring programmes have produced a wealth of scientific papers and post-graduate research, offering rare and invaluable data on biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and the far-reaching impacts of climate change. These efforts are not only advancing global understanding of environmental shifts but also reinforcing South Africa’s commitment to science-based conservation.
This Environment Month, as we reflect on our role in protecting the planet, we honour the scientists, support and teams of SANAP who dedicate their work to safeguarding the southernmost reaches of our world. Their ongoing research ensures that we remain informed and equipped to make decisions that protect our environment — for generations to come.
by Ria Olivier | May 22, 2025 | Antarctica, Biosecurity, Commemorative Days, Gough Island, International Days, Invasion Biology, Marion Island, Prince Edward Islands
The United Nations has designated May 22 as the International Day for Biological Diversity (IDB), a day to reflect on the vital role biodiversity plays in sustaining life on Earth. The 2025 theme, “Harmony with Nature and Sustainable Development,” underscores the importance of conserving biodiversity to ensure a sustainable future for both people and the planet. It is a timely reminder that a thriving natural world is the foundation of human well-being and a cornerstone for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
In South Africa, this day holds special meaning for the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP). Operating across three key research stations — Antarctica, Marion Island (part of the Prince Edward Islands), and Gough Island — SANAP plays a crucial role in understanding and preserving the unique biodiversity of the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions. These remote and fragile ecosystems are home to countless species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth.
For decades, SANAP-supported scientists have been at the forefront of biodiversity research in these regions. Their work includes long-term monitoring of bird and marine mammal populations, studies on invasive species, climate change impacts, and ecosystem dynamics. Through rigorous field research and environmental stewardship, SANAP contributes to global knowledge and conservation efforts, ensuring these pristine environments continue to thrive for generations to come.
On this International Day for Biological Diversity, SANAP reaffirms its commitment to protecting the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean and its islands — not only for their intrinsic value but also for the essential role they play in the global ecosystem.
by Ria Olivier | May 20, 2025 | Marion Island, Overwintering Team
MARION 81 Overwintering Team
Front sitting (left to right) – Vanessa Stephen – FITZ Birder, Monique van Bers – MFM Mouser, Peter Cunningham- SAPRI Sealer, Tanganedzani Tshitavhe – SAWS Assistant Meteorological Technician, Tokozile Mdleleni – DFFE Communications Engineer, Megan Clarkson – SAPRI Killer Whaler/Sealer, Daniel Baatjes- DFFE Base Chef, Marcello Evertson – O&C(DFFE) Birder,
Middle standing (left to right) – Tshililo Kharivha – SAWS Assistant Meteorological Technician, Anele Magobiyane – SANSA Electronics Engineer, Siphamandla Gumede – SAWS Senior Meteorological Technician, Xolani Madiba – DFFE Assistant Environmental Control Officer (ECO), John Skelete – DFFE Diesel Mechanic & Deputy Team Leader, Sibusisile Kheswa – O&C (DFFE) Birder, Elmar van Rooyen – UP Ecologist, Rhiannon Gill – SAPRI Birder, Dylan Manyoka – SAPRI Sealer, Bubele Nongwejana – DFFE Medic & Team Leader
Top standing (left to right) – Eddy Xaki – DFFE Electrical Engineer, Londani Rambau – DFFE Senior Environmental Control Officer (ECO)
DFFE: Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, FITZ: Fitz Patrick Institute– UCT, O&C: Oceans and Coasts-DFFE, MFM: Mouse-Free Marion project, SAWS: South African Weather Services, SANSA: South African National Space Agency, UP: University of Pretoria, SAPRI: South African Polar Research Infrastructure
by Ria Olivier | Apr 25, 2025 | Antarctica, Gough Island, International Days, Marine Protected Area, Marion Island, Mice Eradication, Ornithology, Research, SANAP
Every year on April 25th, we celebrate International Penguin Day—a global reminder of the unique role penguins plays in our planet’s ecosystems. These birds are not just symbols of the icy South—they are indicators of ocean health and climate change. From the sub-Antarctic islands to the Antarctic continent itself, penguins serve as sentinels of the sea, helping scientists track environmental shifts that affect us all.
South Africa plays a vital role in this mission through its National Antarctic Programme (SANAP), which supports long-term ecological research at key sites such as Gough Island, Marion Island, and Antarctica. These research stations are crucial hubs for studying penguin populations like the Northern Rockhopper on Gough Island and the Macaroni penguins on Marion Island. Scientists monitor breeding patterns, foraging behaviour, and survival rates—data that provide early warnings about oceanic changes. In Antarctica, SANAP researchers study Adélie and Emperor penguins, whose survival is intimately tied to the health of sea ice and krill populations.
By investing in these research efforts, South Africa not only contributes to global conservation science but also highlights the importance of protecting our shared polar heritage. This International Penguin Day let’s celebrate the science that keeps these beloved birds waddling into the future.
by Fishgate@sanap | Mar 31, 2025 | Announcement, Marion Island, News, SANAP
High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (H5n1) confirmed on Subantarctic Marion Island
Press Release by the Department of Forestry Fisheries and the Environment: 23 March 2025
The presence of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus on Marion Island has been confirmed. Samples collected between September and December 2024 were all shipped back to mainland South Africa, via the SA Agulhas II, in February 2025. In March, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing confirmed infection in six bird species, comprising Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans), King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Brown (Subantarctic) Skua (Stercorarius antarcticus), Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus), Northern Giant Petrel (M. halli) and Sooty Albatross (Phoebetria fusca).
Following an initial suspected HPAI case in a Brown Skua at Marion Island (a bird showing clinical signs of HPAI infection including twitching and tremors) in mid-September 2024, more similar cases were reported in early November and mortalities in multiple species have continued into March 2025, though the overall death rate slowed significantly in January. The reduced mortality rate is promising, but 31 bird species breed on Marion Island and the bird species and age composition varies throughout the year, therefore it is difficult to predict how the outbreak will progress. The potential effects on marine mammals are also of concern but no increased mortality has been reported in any mammal species so far.
Among Wandering Albatrosses, chicks were mostly affected, with at least 150 of approximately 1900 chicks from the 2024 cohort having died. However, adults have been affected worst in other species: at least 80 adult Brown Skuas, and approximately 120 adult King Penguins. Much smaller numbers of affected giant petrels (at least 20 Southern and four Northern) and Sooty Albatrosses (five) have been observed. The deaths of adult seabirds are of greater concern than chicks, because most species only start to breed at 3 to 10 years of age, and most affected species raise at most one chick per year. There are also a multitude of other threats to seabirds, including fisheries bycatch, climate change, plastic pollution and predation by introduced house mice on Marion Island.
Marion Island, along with neighbouring Prince Edward Island, provides critical breeding and moulting grounds for millions of seabirds and marine mammals, including nearly half of the worlds Wandering Albatrosses, hundreds of thousands of penguins, and large numbers of Southern Elephant Seals and Subantarctic and Antarctic Fur Seals. The Archipelago is located in the south western Indian Ocean, about 2000km southeast of Cape Town and halfway between Africa and Antarctica.
Observations of and laboratory test results for HPAI (H5N1) on Marion Island can assist in inferring the potential risk to animals on Prince Edward Island, since they share various ecological characteristics. Visits to Prince Edward Island are limited to one visit every four years, to limit human impacts on the island and preserve its pristine state, and the last survey was undertaken in November 2023.
Having spread around the globe since 2021, HPAI (H5N1) was detected in seabirds and marine mammals in South Georgia, southeast of South America, in October 2023. It reached the Antarctic Peninsula in February 2024 and was detected at the French archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen (950 and 2300 km east of Marion respectively) in October and November 2024. The virus can be transported long distances by migrating birds, and the virus moved from South Georgia to the French islands.
The situation on Marion Island is being closely monitored by the field personnel overwintering on the island, who have been trained to recognise possible HPAI signs in birds and seals, and in the necessary monitoring and mitigation methods. They will continue to take all precautions to ensure they do not spread the virus. There are few other disease mitigation tools available in this type of situation.
The HPAI protocol [SANAP Protocol for the Management of Avian Influenza (20 April 2024) PDF – 960.4 KB] that has been implemented on Marion Island was developed by the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, the management authority for the Prince Edward Islands, together with Western Cape Veterinary Services, marine ornithologists, marine mammal biologists, disease experts and colleagues overseas with similar experience. Efforts to monitor and hopefully limit the spread of the virus on the island will continue.
For media enquiries please contact:
Thobile Zulu-Molobi
Mobile: +27 82 513 7154
E-mail: tmolobi@dffe.gov.za
or
Peter Mbelengwa:
Mobile: +27 82 611 8197
E-mail: pmbelengwa@dffe.gov.za
by Ria Olivier | Mar 23, 2025 | Antarctica, Gough Island, International Days, Marion Island, Meteorology, Overwintering Team, Research
Each year, on March 23rd, the global community observes World Meteorological Day, commemorating the establishment of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1950. This day highlights the pivotal role meteorology plays in ensuring the safety and well-being of societies worldwide. In 2025, we focus on the indispensable contributions of meteorologists stationed at the South African National Antarctic Programme’s (SANAP) remote research stations: SANAE IV in Antarctica, Marion Island, and Gough Island.
On this World Meteorological Day, we extend our gratitude to the meteorologists of SANAP’s overwintering teams. Their unwavering commitment and resilience in some of the most challenging environments ensure that we continue to deepen our understanding of Earth’s atmospheric processes, ultimately contributing to the safety and well-being of societies worldwide.
SANAE IV (South African National Antarctic Expedition IV): Located at 71°S, 2°W in Antarctica, SANAE IV. Meteorological observations are conducted year-round, providing critical data on atmospheric conditions in this remote region.
Marion Island: Situated at 46°S, 37°E in the Southern Indian Ocean. The island’s meteorological station collects essential weather data, contributing to climate studies and aiding in the understanding of global weather patterns.
Gough Island: Located at 40°S, 9°W in the South Atlantic Ocean, Gough Island has hosted a South African weather station since 1956. The station conducts hourly climate observations and upper-air ascents, playing a crucial role in monitoring weather systems that can impact South Africa.
Meteorologists assigned to these stations undertake year-long deployments, known as overwintering periods, during which they perform several critical functions:
Surface Observations: Conducting regular measurements of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and other atmospheric parameters to monitor and document local weather conditions.
Upper-Air Observations: Launching weather balloons equipped with instruments to collect data on atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity at various altitudes, which is vital for understanding weather patterns and forecasting.
Equipment Maintenance: Ensuring that all meteorological instruments and equipment are calibrated and functioning correctly to maintain the accuracy and reliability of collected data.
Data Management: Recording, analyzing, and transmitting collected meteorological data to the South African Weather Service (SAWS) and other relevant organizations for use in weather forecasting and climate research.
The data collected by SANAP’s overwintering meteorologists contribute significantly to:
Weather Forecasting: Providing accurate and timely data that enhance the precision of weather forecasts, benefiting maritime navigation, aviation, and local communities.
Climate Research: Offering valuable insights into climate variability and change, particularly in the understudied southern hemisphere regions.
Environmental Monitoring: Supporting studies on the interactions between the atmosphere and the unique ecosystems of Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, aiding in the conservation of these fragile environments.
As South Africa’s gateway to the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, SANAP plays a vital role in environmental research and conservation in some of the planet’s most fragile and remote ecosystems — including Antarctica, Marion Island, and Gough Island. During Environment Month, SANAP takes pride in celebrating the unique natural heritage of these sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions, where pristine ecosystems offer critical insight into global environmental changes.
Marion Island, in particular, stands out as a hub of scientific activity. Home to one of SANAP’s permanent research stations, the island has been central to decades of biological and environmental studies. Its long-term monitoring programmes have produced a wealth of scientific papers and post-graduate research, offering rare and invaluable data on biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and the far-reaching impacts of climate change. These efforts are not only advancing global understanding of environmental shifts but also reinforcing South Africa’s commitment to science-based conservation.
The United Nations has designated May 22 as the International Day for Biological Diversity (IDB), a day to reflect on the vital role biodiversity plays in sustaining life on Earth. The 2025 theme, “Harmony with Nature and Sustainable Development,” underscores the importance of conserving biodiversity to ensure a sustainable future for both people and the planet. It is a timely reminder that a thriving natural world is the foundation of human well-being and a cornerstone for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
In South Africa, this day holds special meaning for the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP). Operating across three key research stations — Antarctica, Marion Island (part of the Prince Edward Islands), and Gough Island — SANAP plays a crucial role in understanding and preserving the unique biodiversity of the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions. These remote and fragile ecosystems are home to countless species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth.
For decades, SANAP-supported scientists have been at the forefront of biodiversity research in these regions. Their work includes long-term monitoring of bird and marine mammal populations, studies on invasive species, climate change impacts, and ecosystem dynamics. Through rigorous field research and environmental stewardship, SANAP contributes to global knowledge and conservation efforts, ensuring these pristine environments continue to thrive for generations to come.
On this International Day for Biological Diversity, SANAP reaffirms its commitment to protecting the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean and its islands — not only for their intrinsic value but also for the essential role they play in the global ecosystem.
Front sitting (left to right) – Vanessa Stephen – FITZ Birder, Monique van Bers – MFM Mouser, Peter Cunningham- SAPRI Sealer, Tanganedzani Tshitavhe – SAWS Assistant Meteorological Technician, Tokozile Mdleleni – DFFE Communications Engineer, Megan Clarkson – SAPRI Killer Whaler/Sealer, Daniel Baatjes- DFFE Base Chef, Marcello Evertson – O&C(DFFE) Birder, 
Every year on April 25th, we celebrate International Penguin Day—a global reminder of the unique role penguins plays in our planet’s ecosystems. These birds are not just symbols of the icy South—they are indicators of ocean health and climate change. From the sub-Antarctic islands to the Antarctic continent itself, penguins serve as sentinels of the sea, helping scientists track environmental shifts that affect us all.
South Africa plays a vital role in this mission through its National Antarctic Programme (SANAP), which supports long-term ecological research at key sites such as Gough Island, Marion Island, and Antarctica. These research stations are crucial hubs for studying penguin populations like the Northern Rockhopper on Gough Island and the Macaroni penguins on Marion Island. Scientists monitor breeding patterns, foraging behaviour, and survival rates—data that provide early warnings about oceanic changes. In Antarctica, SANAP researchers study Adélie and Emperor penguins, whose survival is intimately tied to the health of sea ice and krill populations.
By investing in these research efforts, South Africa not only contributes to global conservation science but also highlights the importance of protecting our shared polar heritage. This International Penguin Day let’s celebrate the science that keeps these beloved birds waddling into the future.
Each year, on March 23rd, the global community observes World Meteorological Day, commemorating the establishment of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1950. This day highlights the pivotal role meteorology plays in ensuring the safety and well-being of societies worldwide. In 2025, we focus on the indispensable contributions of meteorologists stationed at the South African National Antarctic Programme’s (SANAP) remote research stations: SANAE IV in Antarctica, Marion Island, and Gough Island.
On this World Meteorological Day, we extend our gratitude to the meteorologists of SANAP’s overwintering teams. Their unwavering commitment and resilience in some of the most challenging environments ensure that we continue to deepen our understanding of Earth’s atmospheric processes, ultimately contributing to the safety and well-being of societies worldwide.
SANAE IV (South African National Antarctic Expedition IV): Located at 71°S, 2°W in Antarctica, SANAE IV. Meteorological observations are conducted year-round, providing critical data on atmospheric conditions in this remote region.
